Sashe na 21: Muhimman ‘Yancin Kowa-da-Kowa a Ghana

Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Ghana
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Matashiya:
Dukkan abin da za a karanta daga wannan gaɓa zuwa ƙarshen wannan shafi, fassara ce kai tsaye daga Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Ghana na shekarar 1996 wanda aka ɗauke a shekarar 2021 daga shafin: https://constitutionnet.org

Sashe na 21: Muhimman ‘Yancin Kowa-da-Kowa

Wannan sashe ya zayyano waɗannan tanade-tanade a matsayin kyakkyawan tanadinsa daga cikin Kudin Tsarin Mulkin Ghana a matsayin 'yancin da duk ɗan Ƙasar Ghana yake da shi na walwala:

1. Dukkan mutane a basu damar:
   1. ‘Yancin faɗin albarkacin baki da bayyana ra’ayi, wanda zai haɗa da ‘yancin wallafa da sauran kafafen yaɗa labaru;
   2. Yancin tunani, ra’ayi (conscience) da kuma imani, wanda zai haɗa da ‘yancin al’amuran koyo da koyarwa (academic);
   3. ‘Yancin aikata kowane addini da kuma bayyana ayyukan addini;
   4. ‘Yancin taro wanda ya haɗa da ‘yancin shiga jerin-gwano da zanga-zanga;
   5. ‘Yancin ƙungiya, wanda zai haɗa da ‘yancin kafawa ko shiga ƙungiyoyin sana’o’i ko wasu ƙungiyoyi, na ƙasa-da- ƙasa, domin kare musu haƙƙinsu;
   6. Bayanai, tare da lura da waɗancan sharruɗa da dokoki kamar yadda suka zama dole a al’ummar dimokuraɗiyya;
   7. ‘Yancin zirga-zirga wadda ke da ma’ana ta ‘yancin yin tafiye-tafiye gaba-gaɗi a cikin Ghana, ‘yancin fita da shiga Ghana, da kuma kariya daga kora daga Ghana.
2. Taƙaitawa a game da ‘yancin mutum na zirga-zirga ta hanyar tsare shi bisa ƙa’ida ba za a ɗauke shi a matsayin cin-karo ko keta-hurumin wannan sashen ba.
3. Dukkan ‘yan ƙasa su samu haƙƙi da ‘yancin kafawa ko shiga jama’iyyun siyasa kuma su bayar da gudunmawa cikin harkokin siyasa tare da la’akari da waɗannan sharruɗa da kuma dokoki kamar yadda suka zama dole a ‘yantacciya kuma al’ummar dimokuraɗiyya kuma su yi daidai da wannan kundin tsarin mulkin.
4. Babu wani abu a cikin, ko aka yi a ƙarƙashin hukuncin, wata doka da za a ɗauka ya saɓa da, ko ya yi ƙafar-ungulu ga, wannan sashe har ta kai ga cewa dokar da abin ya shafa ta samar da tanadi:
   1. Saboda ɗora taƙaitawa bisa, umarnin wata kotu, wadda ake buƙata saboda dalilan tsaro, kariyar al’umma, ko dokar gama-gari, a kan zirga-zirga ko zama a cikin Ghana ga kowane mutum; ko
   2. Saboda ɗora taƙaitawa bisa umarnin wata kotu, a kan zirga-zirga ko zama a cikin Ghana ga kowane mutum kodai sakamakon samunsa da laifin aikata babban laifi a ƙarƙashin dokokin Ghana ko kuma saboda dalilan ganin an tabbatar da bayyanarsa gaban wata kotu a wani lokaci mai zuwa domin tuhumar wani babban laifi ko domin sauraron ƙarar da ke da dangantaka da korarsa ko fitar da shi bisa doka daga Ghana; ko domin ɗora taƙaitawa da lallai ake da buƙata a bisa dalilan tsaro, kariyar al’umma, lafiyar al’umma, ko domin gudanar da wasu muhimman ayyuka, a kan zirga-zirga ko zama a cikin Ghana ga kowane mutum ko mutane baki ɗaya, ko kowane rukunin mutane; ko
   3. Saboda ɗora taƙaitawar da lallai ake da buƙata saboda dalilan tsaro, kariyar al’umma, lafiyar al’umma ko domin gudanar da muhimman ayyuka, a kan zirga-zirga ko zama a cikin Ghana ga kowane mutum ko mutane baki ɗaya, ko kowane rukunin mutane; ko
   4. Saboda ɗora taƙaitawa a kan ‘yancin shiga Ghana, ko zirga-zirga a cikin Ghana ga mutumin da yake ba ɗan Ƙasar Ghana ba; ko
   5. Cewa lallai akwai buƙata saboda dalilan kiyaye jama’ar Ghana daga karantarwa ko yaɗuwar aƙidar da za ta bayyana ko ƙarfafa rashin ɗa’a ga ‘yanƙasancin Ghana, alamomin ƙasa da tambarori, ko ta farfaɗo da ƙiyayya a kan mutanen wata al’umma; sai dai matsawar wancan tanadi ko, duk yadda za ta iya kasancewa, abin da aka yi a ƙarƙashin hukuncin waccar doka ya nuna cewa kada ya zama ya bayyana ƙarara game da abin da ya shafi ruhin wannan kundin tsarin mulki.
   6. A duk lokacin da mutum, wanda ‘yancinsa na zirga-zirga aka taƙaita shi bisa umarnin wata kotu a ƙarƙashin sakin layi na (a) na tanadi na (4) na wannan sashe, aka kuma miƙa buƙata a kodawane lokacin a wannan tsakanin da aka zartar da taƙaitawar cikin ƙasa da kwanaki bakwai, ko watanni uku bayan lokaci na ƙarshe da aka miƙa wannan buƙata, koma yaya ta kasance, wannan kotu ta sake waiwaitar shari’ar tasa.
   7. A yayin waiwaitar da wata kotu za ta yi a ƙarƙashin tanadi na (5) na wannan sashen, kotun tana iya, tare da la’akari da ‘yancin ɗaukaka ƙara daga hukuncinta, bayar da umarnin cigaba ko dakatar da wannan taƙaitawa idan ta ɗauki hakan lallai ko kuma dacewar hakan.